Understanding Ovarian Cancer: The Silent Threat
Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" — not because it's rare, but because it usually shows no obvious symptoms until it’s in a more advanced stage. It's the third most common gynecological cancer in India, after cervical and uterine cancers. While awareness about breast and cervical cancer is growing, ovarian cancer still flies under the radar.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer starts in the ovaries the small, almond-shaped organs on either side of the uterus responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
There are different types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial ovarian cancer, which begins in the outer layer of the ovary.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause is not always known, several factors can increase the risk:
- Age: Most cases occur after menopause (usually 50+).
- Family history: If your mother, sister, or grandmother had ovarian or breast cancer, your risk increases.
- Genetics: Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are known to raise the risk.
- Never being pregnant: Women who haven’t had children may be at slightly higher risk.
- Endometriosis: This painful condition has also been linked to ovarian cancer.
Symptoms to Watch Out For Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is tricky because early signs are often subtle and can mimic common digestive issues. But if these symptoms persist for more than 2–3 weeks, consult a doctor:
- Bloating
- Abdominal or pelvic pain
- Feeling full quickly or difficulty eating
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Unexplained fatigue or weight loss
- Changes in menstrual cycle
How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
There is no single screening test for ovarian cancer (unlike Pap smears for cervical cancer). Doctors typically use a combination of:
- Pelvic examination
- Ultrasound (transvaginal)
- CA-125 blood test (checks for a protein often elevated in ovarian cancer)
- CT scans or MRI for detailed imaging
- Biopsy if a suspicious mass is found
Treatment Options For Ovarian Cancer
Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer. It often includes:
- Surgery: To remove one or both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, uterus, and nearby tissues if necessary.
- Chemotherapy: To kill any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Newer treatments for advanced or recurring cases.
Early detection dramatically increases survival rates up to 90% if caught in stage 1.
Can Ovarian Cancer Be Prevented?
While ovarian cancer isn’t fully preventable, you can reduce your risk by:
- Using birth control pills (long-term use lowers risk)
- Having children and breastfeeding
- Regular health check-ups, especially if you have a family history
- Considering genetic testing if you’re from a high-risk family
If you or someone you know has a family history of cancer, don’t wait for symptoms — talk to a doctor, ask questions, and stay informed.
At Cancer Control Mission, we strongly believe that your health is your power. Ovarian cancer may be silent, but we don’t have to be. Awareness, regular check-ups, and listening to your body can make a life-saving difference. Take charge of your health today!
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